July 6. POSTSCRIPT.
And you turn the page after July 5, 1862, & it looks like this.
July 6 Postscript
July, 1862:
Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era James McPherson P. 501-502
“July 1862 brought a significant hardening of attitude in both army and executive. John Pope arrived from the West to take command of the newly designated Army of Virginia, formed the divisions of Banks, Frémont, and McDowell that had chased Stonewall Jackson so futilely in the Shenandoah Valley.
One of his first acts in Virginia was a series of general orders authorizing his officers to seize rebel property without compensation, to shoot captured guerrillas who had fired on Union troops, to expel from occupied territory any civilians who refused to take the oath of allegiance, and to treat them as spies if they returned.
Although Pope did not shoot any guerrillas or expel any civilians, his policy concerning southern property was carried out, in Virginia as in other theaters, by privates as well as officers, with or without orders. Large portions of the South were becoming a wasteland. Much of this was the inevitable destruction of war, as both armies cut down trees and tore up fences for firewood, wrecked bridges and culverts and railroads or cannibalized whatever structures they could find to rebuild wrecked bridges and railroads, or seized crops, livestock, and poultry for food. Soldiers have pillaged civilian property since the beginning of time. But by midsummer 1862 some of the destruction of southern property had acquired a purposeful, even an ideological dimension. More and more Union soldiers were writing that it was time to take off the “kid gloves” in dealing with “traitors.’”
August, 1862:
Terrible Swift Sword Bruce Catton P. 407
“There was nobility in the idea that there ought to be a peace without victory; yet in August of 1862 America’s tragedy was that it was caught between the madness of going on with the war and the human impossibility of stopping it. Secession had been a direct result of the outcome of the election of 1860. to restore the status quo would be to assume that either the North or the South had had a great change of heart– that the North would not yet again go Republican, or that the South would quietly acquiesce if it did. Neither Mr. Lincoln nor Mr, Davis was going to assume anything of the kind. Each man was fighting for a dreadful simplicity. Neither one could describe a solution acceptable to him without describing something wholly acceptable to the other; neither man could accept anything less than complete victory without admitting complete defeat. Both sides had heard the trumpet that would never call retreat. The peace-makers could not be heard until the terrible swift sword had been sheathed; but the scabbard had been thrown away, and now the Confederacy was carrying the war into the enemy’s country.”
A Stillness at Appomattox Bruce Catton P. 279
“There was a smoky moonlit madness on the land in this fourth year of war. The country was striking blindly at phantoms, putting scars on its own body. People can stand only about so much, and they had been pushed beyond the limit, so that what was monstrous could look as if it made sense. Ordinarily decent, kindly citizens could seriously propose that some thousands of helpless prisoners be condemned to slow death by hunger and disease, and the fact that the authorities rejected this mad scheme did not help very much because the reprisal was in fact already being inflicted.”
The Memory of the Civil War in American Culture Edited by Alice Fahs and Joan Waugh P. 17-18
“Over the next century understanding or appreciation of the Union cause steadily declined against the appeal of Southern nobility and romanticism. Although the Lost Cause ideology has been thoroughly discredited by scholars, it retains a powerful grip on popular imagination, albeit in a less racist form than it took during the last decades of the nineteenth century. The myth of Robert E. Lee is still immensely appealing to large numbers of Americans, and not just Southern Americans. Lee’s brilliant generalship, his stainless character, his old-fashioned and gentlemanly style of warfare, and his noble acceptance of defeat commends him to us. In contrast, the warfare conducted by Ulysses S. Grant, the “butcher,” is repellent because it has been deemed modern. In his lifetime and afterward, Grant has been portrayed as having only luck on his side in the western theater and having only the advantage of vast numbers and unlimited resources in the eastern theater. The Southern journalist and Lost Cause historian Edward A. Pollard’s cruel but widely quoted assessment of Grant as “one of the most remarkable accidents of the war…a man without any marked ability, certainly without genius, without fortune, without influence” has retained its force over decades of Civil War historiography.
Much of Grant’s negative image boiled down to the meaning assigned to the Union’s numerical superiority. According to this view, a less talented general who has more soldiers can beat a more talented general who has fewer soldiers. Yet many historians have demonstrated the military advantage in holding the interior lines during the Civil war. This advantage, used adeptly by Lee against a series of bumbling Union generals, made his small army more than equal to a larger one. Grant’s genius was the opposite of Lee’s. His great test came in successfully directing several armies comprised of almost a million soldiers over great swaths of the country. Grant struggled to make that point in several venues. It disturbed and distressed him to think that future citizens would downplay or forget about the hardships of the Union army (and of course his role) in winning the conflict. To some extent, his worst fears have been realized. Today, the revolutionary, progressive impact of the Union’s victory is often downplayed, brushed aside, or ignored, especially in light of Reconstruction’s failures. Perhaps that stance is appropriate for skeptical times. Grant and the generation of Americans who lived through the Civil War did not, as a rule, embrace either skepticism or moral relativism. This is what made the stakes so high and so meaningful in controlling the historical memory of the war for future generations.
To that end, Grant cultivated a special relationship, during and after his presidency, with Union veterans. A powerful interest group whose influence extended widely and deeply into the country’s political, social, and economic sectors, the veterans who joined organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic were the bulwark of the Republican party for many years. A review of President Grant’s calendar and correspondence for just one year, 1873, provides compelling evidence of the enormous investment of time, energy, and passion on his part to keep the Union cause before the citizenry and before the judgment of history. Although he accepted many fewer invitations than he received, Grant made frequent appearances at veterans’ reunions and other commemorative occasions, striking a balance between the Union’s eastern and western wings. On February 6, “the Great Commander” attended a meeting in Wilmington, Delaware; May 15 found him at an Army of the Potomac reunion in New Haven, Connecticut; on September 17 the veterans of the Army of the Cumberland enjoyed their former top general’s presence at an event in Pittsburgh;* while on October 15-16 Grant joined the two-day reunion of the Army of the Tennessee in Toledo, Ohio. He enjoyed being with “his old comrades in arms,” declaring the meetings as being “attended…with a revival of old associations and sympathies, formed in such trying times.’”
*Ephraim may have been there in Pittsburgh, as he was a GAR member, & Pittsburgh was just 109 miles to the west. In 1903, the PA Legislature attempted to funnel 20k (Cooper’s Proposition) into a pending Gettysburg statue of RE Lee; PA GAR was against it, and after protest, no funds from the state of PA were used to build it. The Schuylkill County GAR (Gowen Post 23) announced it was “unalterably opposed” and wrote in their “Resolution Against Cooper’s Proposition,” that a Lee statue would be “a desecration of the hallowed ground of our honored dead, who gave up their that the cause that General Robert E. Lee so valiantly represented might be overthrown” and that they “condemn all such sentimental patriotism as unworthy of intelligent, loyal Pennsylvanians.”
The Gowen Post also wrote to the Pottsville Republican (1/24/03):
(Excerpts)
“There has been much frothy sentimentalism indulged in by Northern sycophants since the close of the Civil War. No other country shows the same leniency to its foes as does the United States… To forgive is Divine, but such radical extremes can never meet if the waters of oblivion are to close over the dead issues of the past.” At the end of the Resolution, they called once again on “loyal Pennsylvanians” to defeat “such shallow sentimentalism.” Cooper’s Bill was defeated, yet in 1917, Lee, on his horse, went up anyway for a cool 50k on hallowed Gettysburg ground. I must say that until I began research for this book, I had no idea any Southerner who fought for the Confederacy had a statue north of the Mason-Dixon, & was “unalterably opposed” to it when I learned Lee was in PA., much less at Gettysburg.”
Note: Nor did I, until researching for this project. Yikes. What the hell?
Source for quotes above: wynninghistory-com “How did Schuylkill County Civil War soldiers feel about Confederate monuments? An example from 1903” by Jake Wynn.
And, sadly, note last: The supposed largest mass execution in U.S. History after the U.S.-Dakota War: 38 Dakota hanged at Mankato, Minnesota 12/26/1862, with Lincoln’s blessing, due to civilian massacres. The original number was to be 267 put to death. Clearly, the largest wasn’t this, but American history is still being taught as if it is. See Sand Creek Massacre (May 9) & the Marias Massacre (1870), in Montana. 200 mostly women, children, & elderly are killed (15 men, ninety women, fifty children; another estimate is 217 total) when they were sleeping, shot or cut apart with axes. They also shot down the lodges’ bindings, causing snow to collapse roofs onto fires inside, which burned to death the people. This was Grant’s, Sherman’s doing, as well as Sheridan’s, who personally ordered the command to “strike them hard.” In 2010, the Baker Massacre Memorial was created on the site. This was but one, of course, of countless massacres. My Lai. No Gun Ri. But that’s elsewhere. Check out the Mountain Meadows Massacre, 1857, Mormons tried to blame the Paiute. 120 dead out of the Baker-Fancher wagon train party. Brigham Young blamed it on God. Anyway, at this point, 2022, the U.S. Government owns 47% of the West, especially in Nevada, Utah, and Oregon.
Note: Edward W. Said “Blind Imperial Arrogance” LA Times, 7/20/2003: “Every empire… tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires, that its mission is not to plunder and control but to educate and liberate. These ideas are by no means shared by the people who inhabit that empire, but that hasn’t prevented the U.S. propaganda and policy apparatus from imposing its imperial perspective on Americans….”
VISIT The Black Holocaust Museum at https://www.abhmuseum.org/about/what-is-the-black-holocaust/
And if you bristle at the word “holocaust,” learn some Black history, particularly about the Middle Passage.
Hearts Touched by Fire: The Best of Battles and Leaders of the Civil War Harold Holzer P. 1179-1180
“COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF MEN FURNISHED THE UNITED STATES ARMY AND NAVY, AND OF THE DEATHS IN THE ARMY, 1861-1865”
Basil W. Duke, Brigadier-General, C.S.A.
These numbers were compiled in 1885:
Pennsylvania: Men Furnished: 315,017 White Troops
14,307 Sailors & Marines
8,612 Colored Troops
Total 337,936
Aggregate of Deaths 33,183
The colored soldiers organized under the authority of the General Government and not credited to any State were recruited as follows: In Alabama, 4969; Arkansas, 5526; Colorado, 93; Florida, 1044; Georgia, 3486; Louisiana, 24,052; Mississippi, 17,869; North Carolina, 5035; South Carolina, 5462; Tennessee, 20,133; Texas, 47; Virginia, 5723. There were also 5896 negro soldiers enlisted at large, or whose credits are not specifically expressed by the records. Note too: Only New York furnished more men than PA. NY sent 448,850. Deaths: 46,534. The grand aggregate of deaths (all States combined): 359,528, with a note that the 359,528 number “increased by additional evidence since 1885 to 360, 222.” Obviously the numbers all across the board have increased since 1885– the skeletal version of another thing, time– with the tailwind of a century & a half nearly, the sober drift of more records into people’s hands, how it always looks different the second time you stare at it, & then the thousandth. This time. The record looks almost like a hand trying to get anyone’s attention, fly-specked, saying that all the ingredients, properties, underworlds of any legends will never be enough to state what it was, really. No, no, no, not at all. Not now, not ever. And you edge away from the paper reading, you close the book & just breathe.
P. 1179 footnote: In 82 national cemeteries (according to the report of June 30th, 1888) 325,230 men are buried: 176,397 being known, and 148,833 unknown dead. These numbers include 1136 at Mexico City, most of whom lost their lives in the Mexican war; about 9500 Confederates; and about 8500 civilians.”
Note: Roughly 180,000—or 10% of the entire Union Army—Black men fought for the Union; a further 19k served in the Navy. Around 40k died in the war; 30k of those by disease or infection (statistics via archives.gov). According to Kevin Levin, “70 percent of military age (18-45) Black Northerners volunteered to fight in the United States army during the Civil War.”
Note: 18% Rebels wounded died of wounds and 14% Union soldiers died. By war’s end, 1/10th the Northern army will consist of freed Black people & runaway slaves. 85% of the eligible black male population, or 180k, will sign up (did you learn that in school? I didn’t). And there were minimum 50k civilian deaths. If we decide the death toll was 750k, then this 50k was 1/15th of the 750k. One point of continuous torture over the years researching this war (besides basic lack of orientation via date & location in so, SO many passages) was vague usage of the word “casualties.” Just stick a needle in my eye instead.
Note: “The U.S. provides military assistance to 73% of the world’s dictatorships” reads a headline from truthout.org, in June, 2021. And the U.S. spends almost a trillion dollars a fiscal year on its military, & did a $752.9 billion 2022 budget request. In fact, the U.S. has been at war over 90% of its existence. Pretty strange for a newly inhabited country full of mainly immigrants. Aren R. LeBrun @proustmalone, 6/28/21: “Maybe there are so many terrorists in the Middle East because our military continues to orphan entire generations so that multinational companies can steal the land and resources required to power the global consumer dystopia that’s currently incinerating the biosphere.”
The Civil War: The Final Year Told By Those Who Lived It Edited by Aaron Sheehan-Dean P. 752
“The official records of the U.S. War Department recorded the deaths of 360,000 Union soldiers during the war, including 110,000 in battle or from battle wounds and 250,000 from disease and other non-battle causes. Confederate deaths were estimated in the late-nineteenth century at 258,000, including 94,000 battle deaths and 164,000 non-battle deaths. Many records of Confederate battle losses are missing or incomplete, and the assumption underlying the estimate for Confederate non-battle deaths- that Confederate soldiers died from disease at the same rate as Union soldiers- has been challenged. In the late twentieth century, total civilian deaths in the war, primarily from disease and malnutrition, were estimated at 50,000. A new study of census records published in 2011 by the demographic historian J. David Hacker estimated that the war caused the death of 752,000 American men from 1861 to 1870.”
Note: Regarding Union soldiers, there are three major records in the National Archives and Records (NARA) that provide information on military service: 1) compiled military service record (CMSR); 2) pension application file; and 3) records reproduced in microfilm publication.
Note: President Andrew Johnson’s December 25, 1868 Proclamation reads, in part, “….and that a universal amnesty and pardon for participation in said rebellion extended to all who have borne any part therein will tend to secure permanent peace, order, and prosperity throughout the land, and to renew and fully restore confidence and fraternal feeling among the whole people….” and “….a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United States, or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights, privileges, and immunities under the Constitution….” and is signed by F. W. Seward, Acting Secretary of State.
The Civil War Archive: The History of the Civil War in Documents Henry Steele Commager P. 850-851
“The amnesty was similar to Lincoln’s 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. The restoration of citizenship rights went contrary to Congress’s Reconstruction program. Armed with the ability to vote, Southerners used their restored political authority against the state governments established by the federal governments.”
“People should know, people should know what war is like. At least journalists can try to give them a little bit more graphic, powerful, painful idea of what’s actually happening. Because it really is about death. War is not about winning or losing or key players or peace processes. It is about the total failure of the human spirit.” Robert Fisk, in This is Not a Movie
The final note, however: “There will be bloody holding actions all over the world, for years to come: but the Western party is over, and the white man’s sun has set. Period.” No Name in the Street James Baldwin P. 197
Daniel Baylis
you are but a collection of atoms
working together
in temporary harmony
before being dispersed
back into the universe
your earthly task is to help
those atoms
radiate
imagine the simplicity:
you need not
achieve anything
but gently glow
“I entirely and with perfect good faith consider the issues growing out of the war, or rather the issues that led to it, or which brought it about, as practically settled and disposed of.”
— Former Confederate Major General John G. Walker, 1866
CHRONOLOGY OF ACTION IN THE VALLEY: 1861–1865
https://www.shenandoahatwar.org/a-chronology-of-armed-conflict-in-the-shenandoah-valley/ accessed 8/26/21
1861
April 18, 1861, Armory burned, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson
July 02, 1861, Engagement, Falling Waters, Berkeley
July 04, 1861, Skirmish, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson
July 15, 1861, Skirmish, near Bunker Hill, Berkeley
July 21, 1861, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
September 02, 1861, Skirmish, Beller’s Mill, Jefferson
September 09, 1861, Skirmish, Shepherdstown, Jefferson
September 15, 1861, Skirmish, Pritchard’s Mill, Jefferson
September 17, 1861, Skirmish near, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson
October 11, 1861, Skirmish, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson
October 16, 1861, Skirmish, Bolivar Heights, Jefferson
Note: 1862 (Bolded below were events Ephraim was either at or nearby)
March 03, 1862, Skirmish, Martinsburg, Berkeley
March 05, 1862, Skirmish, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
March 07, 1862, Skirmish near, Winchester, Frederick
March 11, 1862, Skirmish, Stephenson’s Depot, Frederick
March 18, 1862, Skirmish, Middletown, Frederick
March 19, 1862, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
March 22, 1862, Skirmish, Kernstown, Frederick
March 23, 1862, Battle, Kernstown, Frederick
March 25, 1862, Skirmish, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
April 07, 1862, Skirmish, Columbia Furnace, Shenandoah
April 12, 1862, Skirmish, Monterey, Highland
April 16, 1862, Skirmish, Columbia Furnace, Shenandoah
April 17, 1862, Skirmish, Rude’s Hill, Shenandoah
April 21, 1862, Skirmish, Monterey, Highland
April 24, 1862, Skirmish near, Harrisonburg, Rockingham
April 25, 1862, Skirmish near, Luray, Page
April 26, 1862, Skirmish, Keezletown Road, Rockingham
April 27, 1862, Skirmish, McGaheysville, Rockingham
May 05, 1862, Skirmish, Columbia Bridge, Page
May 06, 1862, Skirmish near, Harrisonburg, Rockingham
May 07, 1862, Skirmish, McDowell, Highland
May 07, 1862, Skirmish, Somerville Heights, Page
May 08, 1862, Engagement, McDowell, Highland
May 09, 1862, Skirmish, McDowell, Highland
May 12, 1862, Skirmish, Monterey, Highland
May 15, 1862, Skirmish, Linden, Warren
May 18, 1862, Skirmish, Woodstock, Shenandoah
May 19, 1862, Skirmish, South Fork Shenandoah, Page
May 21, 1862, Skirmish, Woodstock, Shenandoah
May 23, 1862, Action, Front Royal, Warren
May 23, 1862, Skirmish, Buckton Station, Warren
May 24, 1862, Skirmish, Linden, Warren
May 24, 1862, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
May 24, 1862, Action, Newtown and Middletown, Frederick
May 24, 1862, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
May 25, 1862, Battle, Winchester, Frederick
May 28, 1862, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
May 30, 1862, Action, Front Royal, Warren
May 31, 1862, Skirmish near, Front Royal, Warren
June 01, 1862, Skirmish, Mt. Carmel Church, Shenandoah
June 02, 1862, Skirmish, Woodstock, Shenandoah
June 02, 1862, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
June 02, 1862, Skirmish, Tom’s Brook, Shenandoah
June 03, 1862, Skirmish, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
June 06, 1862, Action, Harrisonburg, Rockingham
June 06, 1862, Skirmish near, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
June 07, 1862, Skirmish near, Harrisonburg, Rockingham
June 08, 1862, Battle, Cross Keys, Rockingham
June 09, 1862, Engagement, Port Republic, Rockingham
June 13, 1862, Skirmish, New Market, Shenandoah
June 16, 1862, Skirmish near, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
June 18, 1862, Skirmish near, Winchester, Frederick
June 19, 1862, Skirmish near, Winchester, Frederick
July 01, 1862, Skirmish near, Fort Furnace, Shenandoah
July 15, 1862, Skirmish near, Middletown, Frederick
September 03, 1862, Skirmish near, Martinsburg, Berkeley
September 04, 1862, Skirmish, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
September 07, 1862, Skirmish, Darkesville, Berkeley
September 11, 1862, Skirmish near, Martinsburg, Berkeley
September 12-15, 1862, Siege, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson
September 19, 1862, Skirmish, Boteler’s Ford, Jefferson
September 20, 1862, Action, Shepherdstown, Jefferson
September 22, 1862, Skirmish, Ashby Gap, Clarke
September 24, 1862, Skirmish, Luray, Page
October 16, 1862, Skirmish near, Kearneysville, Jefferson
October 17, 1862, Skirmish near, Kearneysville, Jefferson
October 20, 1862, Skirmish, Hedgesville, Berkeley
November 02, 1862, Skirmish, Castleman’s Ferry, Clarke
November 03, 1862, Skirmish, Castleman’s Ferry, Clarke
November 03, 1862, Skirmish, Ashby Gap, Clarke
November 06, 1862, Skirmish, Martinsburg, Berkeley
November 06, 1862, Skirmish, Manassas Gap, Warren
November 09, 1862, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
November 22, 1862, Skirmish, Halltown, Jefferson
November 22, 1862, Skirmish, near, Winchester, Frederick
November 24, 1862, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
November 26, 1862, Skirmish, Cockrall’s Mills, Jefferson
November 29, 1862, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
December 02, 1862, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
December 02, 1862, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
December 11, 1862, Skirmish, Darkesville, Berkeley
December 20, 1862, Skirmish, Halltown, Jefferson
December 21, 1862, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
1863
January 17, 1863, Skirmish, near Newtown, Frederick
February 06, 1863, Skirmish, Millwood, Clarke
February 12, 1863, Skirmish, near Charles Town, Jefferson
February 24, 1863, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
February 26, 1863, Skirmish, near Woodstock, Shenandoah
February 26, 1863, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
February 26, 1863, Skirmish, near Winchester, Frederick
March 19, 1863, Skirmish, near Winchester, Frederick
April 08, 1863, Skirmish, on Millwood Road, Clarke
April 13, 1863, Skirmish, Snicker’s Ferry, Clarke
April 22, 1863, Skirmish, Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah
May 16, 1863, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
May 16, 1863, Skirmish, Berry’s Ferry, Clarke
June 02, 1863, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
June 06, 1863, Skirmish, near Berryville, Clarke
June 12, 1863, Skirmish, Cedarville, Warren
June 12, 1863, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
June 12, 1863, Skirmish, Middletown, Frederick
June 13, 1863, Skirmish, Opequon Creek, Frederick
June 13, 1863, Skirmish, White Post, Clarke
June 13, 1863, Skirmish, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
June 13, 1863, Skirmish, Opequon Creek, Clarke
June 13, 1863, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
June 13-15, 1863, Engagement, Winchester, Frederick
June 14, 1863, Skirmish, Martinsburg, Berkeley
June 14, 1863, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
July 14, 1863, Skirmish, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson
July 14, 1863, Action, Falling Waters, Berkeley
July 15, 1863, Skirmish, Halltown, Jefferson
July 15, 1863, Skirmish, near Shepherdstown, Jefferson
July 16, 1863, Skirmish, Shanghai, Berkeley
July 16, 1863, Action, Shepherdstown, Jefferson
July 17, 1863, Skirmish, North Mountain Station, Berkeley
July 17, 1863, Skirmish, Snicker’s Gap, Clarke, Loudoun
July 18, 1863, Skirmish, near Hedgesville, Berkeley
July 19, 1863, Skirmish, near Martinsburg, Berkeley
July 20, 1863, Skirmish, near Berry’s Ferry, Clarke
July 21, 1863, Skirmish, Manassas Gap, Warren
July 21, 1863, Skirmish, Chester Gap, Warren
July 22, 1863, Skirmish, Manassas Gap, Warren
July 22, 1863, Skirmish, Chester Gap, Warren
July 23, 1863, Action, Wapping Heights, Warren
July 23, 1863, Skirmish, near Chester Gap, Warren
August 02, 1863, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
August 05, 1863, Skirmish, Cold Spring Gap, Frederick
September 16, 1863, Skirmish, Smithfield, Jefferson
September 21, 1863, Skirmish, Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah
October 07, 1863, Skirmish, Summit Point, Jefferson
October 07, 1863, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
October 17, 1863, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
October 18, 1863, Skirmish, Berryville Pike, Clarke
October 18, 1863, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
November 16, 1863, Skirmish, Edinburg, Shenandoah
November 16, 1863, Skirmish, Woodstock, Shenandoah
November 16, 1863, Skirmish, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
December 12, 1863, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
December 13, 1863, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
1864
February 02, 1864, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
February 11, 1864, Raid, B&O Railroad, Jefferson
February 20, 1864, Skirmish, Front Royal, Warren
March 10, 1864, Skirmish, near Charles Town, Jefferson
March 10, 1864, Skirmish, Kabletown, Jefferson
April 02, 1864, Skirmish, Stony Creek, Shenandoah
April 08, 1864, Skirmish, Winchester, Frederick
April 24, 1864, Skirmish, near Middletown, Frederick
May 13, 1864, Skirmish, near New Market, Shenandoah
May 14, 1864, Skirmish, New Market, Shenandoah
May 14, 1864, Skirmish, Rude’s Hill, Shenandoah
May 15, 1864, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
May 15, 1864, Engagement, New Market, Shenandoah
May 21, 1864, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
May 22, 1864, Skirmish, Front Royal, Warren
May 24, 1864, Skirmish, near Charles Town, Jefferson
May 29, 1864, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
May 30, 1864, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
June 05, 1864, Engagement, Piedmont, Augusta
June 10, 1864, Skirmish, Brownsburg, Rockbridge
June 10, 1864, Skirmish, Middlebrook, Augusta
June 10, 1864, Skirmish, Waynesborough, Augusta
June 10, 1864, Skirmish, near Kabletown, Jefferson
June 11, 1864, Skirmish, Lexington, Rockbridge
June 11, 1864, Skirmish, near Midway, Augusta
June 12, 1864, Skirmish, Cedar Creek, Frederick
June 26, 1864, Skirmish, Smithfield, Jefferson
June 29, 1864, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
June 29, 1864, Skirmish, Duffield’s Station, Jefferson
July 03, 1864, Skirmish, Leetown, Jefferson
July 03, 1864, Skirmish, Darkesville, Berkeley
July 03, 1864, Skirmish, Martinsburg, Berkeley
July 03, 1864, Skirmish, North Mountain, Berkeley
July 04, 1864, Skirmish, Bolivar Heights, Jefferson
July 17-18, 1864, Engagement, Cool Spring, Clarke
July 19, 1864, Skirmish, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
July 19, 1864, Skirmish, Darkesville, Berkeley
July 19, 1864, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
July 19, 1864, Engagement, Berry’s Ferry, Clarke
July 19, 1864, Skirmish, Kabletown, Jefferson
July 20, 1864, Engagement, Rutherford’s Farm, Frederick
July 22, 1864, Skirmish, near Berryville, Clarke
July 22, 1864, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
July 23, 1864, Skirmish, Kernstown, Frederick
July 24, 1864, Skirmish, Falling Waters, Berkeley
July 24, 1864, Engagement, Kernstown, Frederick
July 25, 1864, Skirmish, Martinsburg, Berkeley
July 25, 1864, Skirmish, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
July 26, 1864, Skirmish, Falling Waters, Berkeley
July 27, 1864, Skirmish, Back Creek Bridge, Berkeley
July 30, 1864, Skirmish, near Shepherdstown, Jefferson
August 10, 1864, Skirmish, near Stone Chapel, Clarke
August 10, 1864, Skirmish, Berryville Road, Clarke
August 11, 1864, Action near, Newtown, Frederick
August 11, 1864, Action, Double Toll Gate, Frederick
August 11, 1864, Skirmish, near Winchester, Frederick
August 12, 1864, Skirmish, Cedar Creek, Frederick
August 13, 1864, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
August 14, 1864, Skirmish, near Strasburg, Shenandoah
August 15, 1864, Skirmish, near Charles Town, Jefferson
August 15, 1864, Skirmish, near Cedar Creek, Shenandoah
August 16, 1864, Engagement, Guard Hill, Warren
August 17, 1864, Engagement, Abrams Creek, Frederick
August 18, 1864, Skirmish, Opequon Creek, Clarke,Frederick
August 19, 1864, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
August 20, 1864, Skirmish, Berryville, Clarke
August 20, 1864, Skirmish, Opequon Creek, Clarke,Frederick
August 21, 1864, Skirmish, near Berryville, Clarke
August 21, 1864, Engagement, Summit Point, Jefferson
August 21, 1864, Skirmish, Middleway, Jefferson
August 21, 1864, Engagement, Cameron’s Depot, Jefferson
August 22, 1864, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
August 23, 1864, Skirmish, Kearneysville, Jefferson
August 24, 1864, Skirmish, Halltown, Jefferson
August 25, 1864, Action, near Shepherdstown, Jefferson
August 25, 1864, Action, near Kearneysville, Jefferson
August 25, 1864, Skirmish, Halltown, Jefferson
August 26, 1864, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
August 26, 1864, Action, Halltown, Jefferson
August 27, 1864, Skirmish, Duffield’s Station, Jefferson
August 28, 1864, Skirmish, Leetown, Jefferson
August 28, 1864, Skirmish, Smithfield, Jefferson
August 29, 1864, Engagement, Smithfield Crossing, Jefferson
August 29, 1864, Skirmish, near Charles Town, Jefferson
August 31, 1864, Skirmish, Martinsburg, Berkeley
September 01, 1864, Skirmish, Opequon Creek, Clarke,Frederick
September 02, 1864, Action, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
September 02, 1864, Skirmish, Darkesville, Berkeley
September 03, 1864, Action, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
September 03, 1864, Engagement, Berryville, Clarke
September 04, 1864, Engagement, Berryville, Clarke
September 05, 1864, Skirmish, Stephenson’s Depot, Frederick
September 07, 1864, Skirmish, near Winchester, Frederick
September 07, 1864, Skirmish, near Brucetown, Frederick
September 10, 1864, Skirmish, Darkesville, Berkeley
September 13, 1864, Skirmish, Gilbert’s Ford, Clarke,Frederick
September 13, 1864, Skirmish, Locke’s Ford, Frederick,Clarke
September 13, 1864, Skirmish, Bunker Hill, Berkeley
September 13, 1864, Skirmish, Abrams Creek, Frederick
September 14, 1864, Skirmish, near Berryville, Clarke
September 15, 1864, Skirmish, Seiver’s Ford, Clarke,Frederick
September 16, 1864, Skirmish, Snicker’s Gap, Clarke, Loudoun
September 18, 1864, Action, Martinsburg, Berkeley
September 19, 1864, Battle, Winchester (Opequon Creek), Frederick
September 20, 1864, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
September 20, 1864, Skirmish, Middletown, Frederick
September 20, 1864, Skirmish, Cedarville, Warren
September 21, 1864, Skirmish, Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah
September 21, 1864, Skirmish, Front Royal, Warren
September 21, 1864, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
September 22, 1864, Engagement, Milford, Page , Warren
September 22, 1864, Battle, Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah
September 23, 1864, Skirmish, Woodstock, Shenandoah
September 23, 1864, Skirmish, near Edinburg, Shenandoah
September 23, 1864, Skirmish, Front Royal, Warren
September 23, 1864, Skirmish, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
September 24, 1864, Skirmish, Forest Hill, Rockingham
September 24, 1864, Skirmish, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
September 24, 1864, Skirmish, near New Market, Rockingham
September 24, 1864, Skirmish, New Market, Shenandoah
September 24, 1864, Skirmish, Forest Hill, Shenandoah
September 26, 1864, Skirmish, Weyer’s Cave, Augusta
September 26, 1864, Skirmish, Port Republic, Rockingham
September 26, 1864, Skirmish, Port Republic, Rockingham
September 26, 1864, Skirmish, Brown’s Gap, Rockingham
September 27, 1864, Skirmish, Weyer’s Cave, Augusta
September 27, 1864, Skirmish, Port Republic, Rockingham
September 28, 1864, Skirmish, Waynesborough, Augusta
September 28, 1864, Skirmish, Rockfish Gap, Augusta
September 28, 1864, Skirmish, Port Republic, Rockingham
October 02, 1864, Skirmish, Bridgewater, Rockingham
October 02, 1864, Skirmish, Mt. Crawford, Rockingham
October 03, 1864, Skirmish, Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
October 03, 1864, Skirmish, North River, Rockingham
October 04, 1864, Skirmish, North River, Rockingham
October 05, 1864, Skirmish, North River, Rockingham
October 06, 1864, Skirmish, near Brock’s Gap, Rockingham
October 07, 1864, Skirmish, Columbia Furnace, Shenandoah
October 07, 1864, Skirmish, on Back Road, Shenandoah
October 08, 1864, Skirmish, Luray Valley, Page
October 08, 1864, Skirmish, Tom’s Brook, Shenandoah
October 09, 1864, Engagement, Tom’s Brook, Shenandoah
October 13, 1864, Engagement, Hupp’s Hill, Frederick
October 13, 1864, Skirmish, Hupp’s Hill, Shenandoah
October 14, 1864, Skirmish, Strasburg, Shenandoah
October 19, 1864, Battle, Cedar Creek, Frederick
October 20, 1864, Skirmish, Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah
October 23, 1864, Skirmish, Dry Run, Warren
October 25, 1864, Skirmish, Milford, Page , Warren
October 26, 1864, Skirmish, Milford, Page , Warren
October 28, 1864, Skirmish, Newtown, Frederick
November 07, 1864, Skirmish, near Edinburg, Shenandoah
November 10, 1864, Skirmish, near Kernstown, Frederick
November 11, 1864, Skirmish, near Kernstown, Frederick
November 12, 1864, Action, Newtown, Frederick
November 12, 1864, Skirmish, Cedar Creek, Shenandoah
November 12, 1864, Action, Cedar Creek, Frederick
November 20, 1864, Skirmish, Kabletown, Jefferson
November 22, 1864, Action, Rude’s Hill, Shenandoah
November 22, 1864, Skirmish, Front Royal, Warren
November 12, 1864, Action, Ninevah, Warren
November 24, 1864, Skirmish, Parkins Mill, Frederick
November 29, 1864, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
November 30, 1864, Skirmish, Snicker’s Gap, Clarke, Loudoun
November 30, 1864, Skirmish, Kabletown, Jefferson
December 21, 1864, Action, Lacey Springs, Rockingham
1865
February 03, 1865, Skirmish, Charles Town, Jefferson
March 01, 1865, Skirmish, Mt. Crawford, Rockingham
March 02, 1865, Engagement, Waynesborough, Augusta
March 05, 1865, Skirmish, Harrisonburg, Rockingham
March 07, 1865, Skirmish, near Mount Jackson, Shenandoah
March 07, 1865, Skirmish, Rude’s Hill, Shenandoah
March 13, 1865, Skirmish, near Charles Town, Jefferson
March 14, 1865, Skirmish, Woodstock, Shenandoah
March 21, 1865, Skirmish, near Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah
This original text for this article comes from the National Park Service’s 1992 “Study of Civil War Sites in the Shenandoah Valley.”
The list was abstracted from “Chronological List of Battles, Actions, etc. in Which Troops of the Regular Army Have Engaged, 1903,” which was included in the second volume of Francis B. Heitman’s Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, From Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903, two volumes.
If we can identify who this was, maybe we can get him when we’re dead.
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