Day 43. April 12, 1862.
43
scream for mercy but they were ordered to their feet….
April Saturday 12 1862
Quite cool. The ground frozen some this morning. The snow is not all gone yet and it will be mudy today. I don’t feel very well this morning and I will look for good weather. I went into Winchester with Capt Huyett and had our duggarien* pictures taken and we came out to camp in the evening and I brought our likeness along. It was a pleasant afternoon. It was warm and there some prospects of good weather. There is nothing new. I sent a package of monney home for different persons which amounted to 205 dollars. I sent 50 dollars for myself
Note: $200 in 1862 dollars is equivalent in purchasing power to $5,108.34 in 2020, a difference of 4,908.34 over 158 years. Officialdata.org/us/inflation/1862. $2.50 (high end) for a photograph back then would equal $60 in 2021 dollars. See: The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691175805/the-rise-and-fall-of-american-growth
Note: Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints at: https://bit.ly/32wHNEF
militaryimages.atavist.com accessed 6/18/19
“Theories abound as to why soldiers’ likenesses were captured in the fading format rather than by the more fashionable ambrotype, tintype or carte de visite. A surplus of daguerreotypist’s supplies may have extended its life. Some may have preferred the superior qualities of the daguerreotype, despite the higher costs versus the new formats. Other photographers may have been slow to adapt to new methods.” Frederick Douglass was the most photographed man of the era. One estimate is 160 photos exist, while 130 are still around of Lincoln.
Civil War Weather in Virginia Robert K. Krick P. 54
“7a.m. 34; 2p.m. 55; 9p.m. 44.”
Note: There were complaints of rowdy drunkenness, whiskey a go-go, April, 1862, in Winchester. Drunkenness was common after the men got paid. Below is Col. Lewis’ response to Gen. Shields on the same day that Shields wrote to him. I typed the letters as best I could make them out, & Lewis is especially fascinating to watch as he thinks & revises across his pages in such a hurry. I really like his letter. I included the majority of his crossed-out words. I very much recommend looking at the originals. Once again, these letters are hard to transcribe because for some reason there are dark lines of typewritten vertical print running down the pages as a backdrop that obnoxiously declares Handley Library as some sort of eternal copyright holder on letters written by American Civil War commanders who held the Union in one piece. God’s sake.
“Headquarters, Shields Division
Woodstock, April 12, 1862
Col. Lewis,
The commanding General learns with pain and mortification that the town of Winchester is in a state of shameful disorder. Drunken soldiers disturbing the peace of the inhabitants instead of protecting them. Picket and guard duty neglected— the officers neglecting their commands, and unmindful of their duty.
This the more unpleasant to him as he had placed such reliance upon you in assigning you to the most important command in the valley. He desires that immediate attention be given to this matter, that drunken and disorderly soldiers be arrested, the streets regularly patroled, and that charges be instantly preferred against officers who neglect their duty—, and that they be placed under arrest. You will report at least every other day in writing to these Head Quarters.
By command of Brig. Genrl Shields
H.B. Armstrong,
Major [illeg. remaining signature]”
Note: Interestingly, Col. Lewis writes back fast on the same day:
“Head Quarters, Comdr Posr
Winchester Va.
April 12th 1862.
Brig. General Shields,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this date, [“has been received” is crossed out] and I regret exceedingly that you have heard such accounts of the condition of affairs in “Winchester.” They [“which” is crossed out] took me very much by surprise [illeg., one word] the information furnished you is so far from the truth, I deem it a duty, not only in vindication of myself, but in justice to you, to state the truth, as far as I know it to be.
So far from the truth is it—that the town of “Winchester” is in a state of shameful disorder, I will state that it is as quiet and peaceable as it possibly can be. Guards and Pickets are regularly posted at all important points in town. In fact they have been– in the town– (since the Maryland Reg’t arrived) considerably increased, whilst the outside Pickets are just at the points you left them. The reliefs regularly are moved from my Rear Quarters at 9 o’clk A.M. to their Posts in charge of competent Sergeants, who I notify [“them” crossed out] daily that they will be responsible for the conduct of the men at their Posts & held to a strict accountability, Military & Civil, for [illeg., maybe “depredations”] committee by the men [illeg.] them, [“of their posts” is struck out], and I have now two Sergeants under arrest [“for” struck out] awaiting punishment for [illeg., is the same illeg. word as above word tied to the word “committee” in this same sentence, maybe “depredations”] (very slight) committee by those under them, at their Posts. This order has been of great service, for during the few first days of my instalment to office, complaints very frequent of offences and depredations committed whilst laterly they have been few and trivial. Of course I must be understood to allude to those that are made at these Head Quarters, not knowing whether or not there may be some forwarded directly to you. [A variety, but not all, words in this sentence have been struck out: As an instance,—in the last few days, the complaints averaged but one a day and they were most cases reported, are far they outside of our line of Pickets. If therefore these depredations are committed & the peace of the inhabitants disturbed it is the fault of the latter for now making the matter [illeg. maybe “promptly known here”]. [a small right-angled squiggly line] So much as to that part of the disorder (as reported.) As to the drunken soldiers, I beg leave to call your attention to the fact that within the last four days all the troops here have been paid off, consequently, as your own vast experience will I think, bear me out in saying that the usual excitement & drinking attending such times have, in only the last two days been seen, yet, knowing that [“as such” crossed out] on such occasions these scenes occurred, every fore-caution was made by me to prepare for them.
The Guards and Patrols in the [illeg.] were doubled, every effort made to ferret out those engaged in or those suspected of selling liquor to our men. Suspicious stores closed and [“through personal” crossed out] those suspected, informed by me, in person, that, should I trace their dis-obedience of orders in selling liquor to soldiers here, their stores should be entirely gutted out, and a bon-fire made in the middle of the street of all goods found in their store, to say nothing of their punishment otherwise. Soldiers found drunk were [“consequently” crossed out] owing to these precautions promptly arrested & turned over to the proper authority, and I have yet to hear of but one case of serious injury inflicted. In connection with the rumors of so many officers soldiers lounging about the streets I respectfully suggest that this [words crossed out illeg.] might readily mislead citizens & others from the fact that the 1st Maryland Reg’t (still here.) are quartered immediately around the Court House on the main street, owing to their having no tents or camp equipage with them, and they of course appear in numbers on the main street, [illeg. words crossed out] but the conduct generally of the troops applies to them. They promptly perform all duties entrusted to them & I take occasion to compliment them on their general soldierly bearing. They are [crossed out “this day”] still here but under orders from Col. Mills to leave and will go probably in a day or so. The irregularity of the trains [illeg., maybe “detaining”] them, no transportation yet provided for the Reg’t.
[illeg.] the Petition of the Union men, [crossed out: “after much enquiry I illeg. that a illeg.] I [illeg.] but a couple of days after a [illeg.] William’s who stated that Cap’t Brown had forwarded it,—signed by many of the most respectable citizens some days since, which I take it for granted you duly rec’d.
I have from prisoners here in jail who I will send by the first train or opportunity by Baltimore as per your order of April 7th, respecting them and of course shall exercise great caution in performing this delicate duty.
[Crossed out: “There has been nothing done as yet”] No [crossed out: “further”] reports, (since Mr. illeg., maybe “Keller”] have been made to this office [illeg.] threats of secessionists against loyal citizens since your [crossed out illeg. word] instructions of April 7th 62 as to the disposition of them, [crossed out: “or you would have been informed”] consequently there has been nothing to report on that point to your Head Quarters.
Your instructions [illeg. word crossed out] about the wounded who fell into our hands living at Private houses are being carried out. I have been very careful in selecting discreet officers for this duty. [illeg. word crossed out] We find great difficulty in carrying out the order, as every effort is of course made to [illeg. word crossed out] hide these men, yet we have the names of 3 or 4, & [illeg. word crossed out] the Surgeon [illeg. word crossed out] has former a good Union woman who is aiding him & promised to list of (as she says,) all in town.
I am sure General, that the facts I have given [illeg., maybe regarding] the [word crossed out, maybe “slanderous”] statements [“you have recd given” crossed out] made to you [illeg. word crossed out] can be [word crossed out, maybe start of the word “beautiful”] abundantly sustained. [illeg. word] I trust that it may meet your approbation to make all enquiries [illeg.] them.”
Note: The next page has at the top “2.”
“I am glad to learn of your continued improvement in health. My time is so occupied by night & day that I should more frequently write, but unless [word “I” crossed out] do not desire to encumber your large correspondences by letter of no importance. Of course I duly keep you acquainted with matters [“of any” crossed out] of any real importance, & shall write hereafter, as you direct, every other day.
General,
I have the honour to be your
most obdt. servant,
WDL jr
Col. 110th Regt P.V.
[illeg., maybe shortened version of “command”] Post”
Lincoln Day by Day: A Chronology 1809-1865 Volume III: 1861-1865 C.
Percy Powell P. 328
“April 12, 1865: In conversation with Marquis de Chambrun, Lincoln “spoke at length of the many struggles he foresaw in the future and declared his firm resolution to stand for clemency against all opposition.’”
A Narrative of Some Remarkable Incidents in the Life of Solomon Bayley, Formerly a Slave in the State of Delaware, North America; Written by Himself, and Published for His Benefit; to Which Are Prefixed, a Few Remarks by Robert Hurnard P. 10-13
“So I studied about my feelings until I fell to sleep, and when I awoke, there had come two birds near to me; and seeing the little strange looking birds, it roused up all my senses; and a thought came quick into my mind that these birds were sent to caution me to be away out of this naked place; that there was danger at hand. And as I was about to start, it came into my mind with great energy and force, “if you move out of this circle this day, you will be taken;” for I saw the birds went all round me: I asked myself what this meant, and the impression grew stronger, that I must stay in the circle which the birds made. At the same time a sight of my faults came before me, and a scanty sight of the highness and holiness of the great Creator of all things. And now, reader, I will assure thee I was brought very low, and I earnestly asked what I should do: and while I waited to be instructed, my mind was guided back to the back countries, where I left the waggons about sixty or seventy miles from Richmond, towards the sun-setting; and a question arose in my mind, how I got along all that way, and to see if I could believe that the great God had helped me notwithstanding my vileness. I said in my heart, it must be the Lord, or I could not have got along, and the moment I believed in his help, it was confirmed in my mind, if he had begun to help me, and if he did send those birds, he would not let anything come into the circle the birds had made; I therefore tried to confirm myself in the promises of God, and concluded to stay in the circle; and so being weary, travelling all night, I soon fell to sleep; and when I awaked, it was by the noise of the same man that examined me in the morning, and another man, an old conjuror, for so I called him. And the way they waked me was by their walking in the leaves, and coming right towards me. I was then sitting on something about nine inches high from the ground, and when I opened my eyes and saw them right before me, and I in that naked place, and the sun a shining down on me about eleven o’clock, I was struck with dread, but was afraid to move hand or foot: I sat there, and looked right at them; and thought I, here they come right towards me; and the first thought that struck my mind was, am I a going to sit here until they come and lay hands on me? I knew not what to do; but so it was, there stood a large tree about eleven or twelve yards from me, and another big tree had fallen with the top limbs round it: and so it was, through divine goodness, they went the other side of the tree, and the tree that had fallen, was between them and me. Then I fell down flat upon my face, on the ground; as I raised up my head to look, I saw the actions of this old craftsman; he had a stick like a surveyor’s rod; he went along following his stick very diligently. The young man that examined me in the morning, had a large club, with the big end downwards, and the small end in his hand; he looked first one side, and then on the other: the old man kept on away past me about sixty yards, and then stopped; and I heard him say, “he h’ant gone this way.” Then he took his stick and threw it over his shoulder, and pointed this way and that way, until he got it right towards me; and then I heard him say, “come let us go this way.” Then he turned his course and came right towards me: then I trembled, and cried in my heart to the Lord, and said, what shall I do? what shall I do? and it was impressed on my mind immediately, “Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord;” the word that was spoken to the children of Israel when at the Red Sea. And I said in my heart, bless the Lord, O my soul; I will try the Lord this time. Here they come; and still that word sounded in my heart; “Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord.” They came not quite so near me as the circle the birds had made, when the old man sheered off, and went by me; but the young man stopped and looked right down on me, as I thought, and I looked right up into his eyes; and then he stood and looked right into my eyes, and when he turned away, he ran after the old man, and I thought he saw me; but when he overtook the old man, he kept on, and then I knew he had not seen me. Then I said, bless the Lord, he that gave sight to man’s eyes, hath kept him from seeing me this day: I looked up among the trees and said, how dreadful is this place. I said, two great powers have met here this day; the power of darkness, and the power of God; and the power of God has overthrown the power of darkness for me a sinner. I thought I must jump and shout, but another thought struck my mind, that it was not a right time to shout; I therefore refrained.”
Note: “Drapetomania” was a made-up ‘disease’ that physician Samuel A. Cartwright invented as a reason the enslaved tried to escape their enslavement. Otherwise known as “scientific racism,” of which instances continue. “Put a glide in your stride, a dip in your hip, and come on up to the mothership!”
The Lost Cause: A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates. Comprising a Full and Authentic Account of the Rise and Progress of the Late Southern Confederacy—the Campaigns, Battles Incidents, and Adventures of the Most Gigantic Struggle of the World’s History. Drawn from Official Sources, and Approved by the Most Distinguished Confederate Leaders Edward Pollard 1866, Chapter Two (excerpt) (Note: This book still has not gone out of print; terror never goes out of print, loses its pixels.)
“We shall not enter upon the discussion of the moral question of slavery. But we may suggest a doubt here whether that odious term “slavery,” which has been so long imposed, by the exaggeration of Northern writers, upon the judgment and sympathies of the world, is properly applied to that system of servitude in the South which was really the mildest in the world; which did not rest on acts of debasement and disenfranchisement, but elevated the African, and was in the interest of human improvement; and which, by the law of the land, protected the negro in life and limb, and in many personal rights, and, by the practice of the system, bestowed upon him a sum of individual indulgences, which made him altogether the most striking type in the world of cheerfulness and contentment. But it is not necessary to prolong this consideration. For, we repeat, the slavery question was not a moral one in the North, unless, perhaps, with a few thousand persons of disordered conscience.”
*Ephraim may have meant a daguerreotype, or “card photograph,” invented in 1835 (first mention in print, but some date it to 1839). From Wikipedia: “Several types of antique photographs, most often ambrotypes and tintypes, but sometimes even old prints on paper, are very commonly misidentified as daguerreotypes, especially if they are in the small, ornamented cases in which daguerreotypes made in the US and UK were usually housed. The name “daguerreotype” correctly refers only to one very specific image type and medium, the product of a process that was in wide use only from the early 1840s to the late 1850s.”
Ephraim had to sit for a few seconds. For a picture taken between 1839-1845 he would have had to sit still for 60-90 seconds, though. Up to 20 minutes was the longest, with props to the body and the back of the head to hold a person still. “Mirror with a memory” was the era-colloquialism for it. A daguerreotype could not be copied. There was no negative. You would have to take another picture. Note however: 5k photographers were on the battlefield with their portable darkrooms, desks, pens, & bottles of ink that went on the countless pages of diaries North & South. But they placed props; even a dead Black body that was quite alive in a Roche picture propelled the Southern myth that Black soldiers somehow volunteered for the Confederacy, always the Black body posed & used to White ends. Yet there is a there there. As well as the technology of the time could, it rendered the pixels on the reels of those four years & that is on record. The pictures are everlastingly there even though there’s only so much film can do, & there’s only so much film that survived that era in the first place. Looking at what there is often feels like sifting through continuity Polaroids from The Shining. No photos exist of the signing at Appomattox. This was still back when some feared film could figure out something of the soul the human eye can’t pick up on, then capture it, so some refused to sit for a picture. And yet right next to their own 2½ x 4 inch cardboard likenesses in family albums, they’d place the same of politicians, generals, actors, & presidents, then name infants after ’em. My 2x grandfather got bestowed the name of Alexander Hamilton Brown in Glasgow, Scotland, 7/6/1835, buried in Newton, Iowa, 1912, though let’s face it, Hamilton is even now a common Scottish surname (#29!). Alexander & his wife Catherine, though, named a son Charles Darwin Brown in 1876… However, my 2x uncle was gifted Lincoln, Lincoln Henry Efnor, listed next to the always chilling “lost some” in a note my grandmother wrote 6/20/60. Then my great-grandfather, born 6/17/65, grandly named Ulysses Grant Brown, afterwards dreaming in a wooden cradle somewhere in Massillon, Ohio, & went on to superintend Iowa schools while he painted pictures of I don’t know what. This is his daughter Ella May Efnor Brown Burket (4 full months left on earth then), holding a 3 week old me in her lap:
Note: When war starts, each State is likewise printing up its own currency. Darwin’s alive, George Washington’s still dead, & no one knows about the dinosaurs yet. Well, some do. They’re not White I bet. Time zones aren’t settled. Time will pass, though, & like any era, it will get so there no one is alive—living with memories of the war—any longer. The exact way, & why, & when, how, & with what fortitude mixed with horror the men fought on these grounds, & the timber splinters flying into them off exploded trees. Any of that. All of that. It’s now gone. Like any epoch, you had to have been there to get it. Only think of having North as the direction, then the day comes the Union line, the men are near enough you to take the chance, so you chance it & run, hoping no one’s at your back. Imagine listening to the Massachusetts band playing in the town square while Atlanta burned. Putting leaves up your nose to not have to smell corpse-air, & tripping across something on its back in a pool of bloodletting—you’re not sure just what—& you walk toward the blue devils, or butternut, in the near-distance while hard-gripping a white surrender cloth tied to a stick. Or trading Reb tobacco for Yank coffee, the pickets who’d come together, agree were it up to them they’d stop the fighting right then & there. I was going to shoot, but then you waved. All the lost particulars we’ll never know & can only guess at. They all took it to the grave. And so will we. The Real War is, in the end, The Real Life.
Living Hell: The Dark Side of the Civil War Michael C.C. Adams P. 205
“The national government made pension disbursements for Civil War dependents into the late 1980s. Alabama holds the distinction of being the last government authority to make a pension payment to a Civil War dependent, Alberta Martin, aged eighty-nine. At twenty-one, she had married Jasper Martin, then eighty-one. As a boy soldier, he served with the 4th Alabama in Virginia, 1864-65. Alberta received her final distribution in October 1996. Bill Clinton occupied the White House.”
Note: Other reports have Maudie Hopkins as the oldest, from Arkansas, died 2008. Last reports say two other widowers still live in the South (TN. & N.C.), but choose to live in anonymity. 1939 laws in various states said widows born after 1870 were not eligible for pensions. The last Southern vet– Pleasant Crump– dies in 1951, and the final Northern man– Albert Woolson– in 1956.
However, Irene Triplett dies in June, 2020, whom the Wall Street Journal named as the last person to receive a Civil War pension ($73.13). She was raking in $73.13 per month because her father, of the 26th North Carolina, stayed behind in a Virginia hospital when his regiment of 800 (734 killed) marched up to Gettysburg. He switched sides, joined the 3rd North Carolina Mounted Infantry– Kirk’s Raiders– and was 83 when Irene was born. He spent his last years playing with his pet rattlesnakes, sitting on his front porch with a shotgun. He died just days after attending the 1938 Gettysburg reunion. Irene began chewing tobacco in 1st grade. She died at 90, her father at 92. The Sons of Union Veterans “….will, as is customary, declare a 30-day mourning period. Members will wear a black band on their membership badges.” Wall Street Journal, June 2, 2020, Michael Phillips
Irene:
And below: The last surviving person born into slavery in Maryland, Peter Mills, born 10/26/1861 & died 9/22/1972 at 110. He saw more than anyone: slavery clear to the moon landing. The only thing that got to this man was finally in Pittsburgh, a “pedestrian accident.” He’d have hit 111 in under a month. His first visit to that city, it says in his obituary, was July 30, 1881, “with a shipment of racing colts.”
Note: It’s Andrew’s Raid, or The Great Locomotive Chase in Georgia today, 1862. Raiders were from an Ohio Vol. Infantry & the chase went for 87 miles. Edwin Stanton awarded the first Medal of Honor to the raiders, including to the families of the hanged raiders (8 total). In 2008, Obama tried to have the last two raiders awarded, by “by omission, this never happened,” and by way of explanation: “there is no time line for review of new material” to complete this effort.”
In 2024: https://youtu.be/IuIeOHH1Vos?feature=shared
Note: Starting at 4:30am. a year ago today, Fort Sumter was fired on. The small fort at the end of time starts it; the small house at the end of a dirt road stops it, & it ends like a virus burning out in a South American jungle. But the thing died intestate. The revolution won’t come for a century.
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I brought our likeness along….
Bodies, they are just piled one atop the other in no apparent order like the final rifles at Appomattox, piles that stood straight to the sky, & the darker patches of Earth marking the burial pits, some lower dark place in the land.
The South will be the South on its own terms, far from the North, far from the Earth, the sky, any statutes you throw at them, the amendments, bills, the court minutes on record. A form of mistrial, minstrel. Their masks revelations. They put their hand on the hood just as they will in future iterations: they called it a Tennessee wind chime: 3 or more men hanging from a tree in a modern mock-up of the same continuing jugular line cut.
Memphis National Cemetery: the 1920 obelisk that commemorates White men who massacred 150 Black Unionists after they surrendered still stands, a white mass like something stillbirthed, or some kind of code about the end of the world.
They want them to stay up until time runs out. Which it is. But the paid Disney mascots moved out of shot, they went home hours ago, decades, over a century and counting ago but no one misses them as they’re dressed in costumes but calling them clothes. “Plantation Interns” for slaves. Like accessories after the fact. Like the bits and pieces of DNA lost in each generation to where you get zombie ancestors who created you but passed on nothing but their ghost-outline skin so transparent it shimmers like a dragonfly wing in a swimming pool left severed from the body.
One year back: the North retaliates for Fort Pillow on this day, murdering 23 Rebels who had surrendered; Yankees asked them if they remembered Fort Pillow, then shot them all dead. Boom. When a dog goes rabid, there’s no mistaking it for a normal dog.
April 12, 2018: Tennessee Police must be called to escort the procession of cars driven by descendants of the Fort Pillow massacre on their way to Memphis National Cemetery.
We’ll come back and lick you again…..
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